趙紫陽（ちょう しよう、Zhao Ziyang、1919–2005） 中国の政治家。1980年代に国務院総理、続いて中国共産党総書記を務め、中国の改革開放政策を推進した中心人物の一人である。市場経済の導入や経済改革を積極的に進める一方、政治改革の必要性も訴えた。1989年の天安門事件では、学生との対話による平和的解決を主張したが、武力鎮圧に反対したことで失脚し、その後は生涯にわたり自宅軟禁下で過ごした。代表作『趙紫陽 極秘回想録』（Prisoner of the State）は、自宅軟禁中に密かに録音された証言をもとに、自身の政治的歩みや改革への信念、天安門事件の内幕を語った回想録である。
Zhao Ziyang (1919–2005) was a Chinese politician who served as Premier of the State Council and later as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party during the 1980s. A leading architect of China's reform and opening-up policies, he promoted market-oriented economic reforms while also advocating gradual political reform. During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, he argued for a peaceful dialogue with the demonstrators and opposed the use of military force, a stance that led to his removal from office and years of house arrest. His memoir, "Prisoner of the State", is based on secretly recorded conversations made during his confinement and offers a firsthand account of his political career, the reform era, and the events surrounding Tiananmen.
