スティーヴン・ホーキング（Stephen Hawking、1942–2018）は、イギリスの理論物理学者、宇宙論学者。オックスフォード大学で物理学を学び、ケンブリッジ大学で博士号を取得。ブラックホールや宇宙の起源に関する研究で世界的な評価を受け、ブラックホールが量子効果によって放射を放つ「ホーキング放射」の理論を提唱した。1963年に筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）と診断されながらも研究を続け、1979年から2009年までケンブリッジ大学ルーカス数学教授を務めた。一般向け科学書『ホーキング、宇宙を語る』は世界的ベストセラーとなり、現代科学の魅力を広く伝えた。著書に『ホーキング、宇宙と人間を語る』『大規模構造の宇宙論』『ホーキング、未来を語る』などがある。
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Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) was a British theoretical physicist and cosmologist whose groundbreaking work transformed our understanding of black holes and the origin of the universe. After studying physics at the University of Oxford, he earned his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge, where he later served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1979 to 2009. Hawking is best known for proposing that black holes emit thermal radiation—a phenomenon now known as Hawking radiation—which linked quantum mechanics, general relativity, and thermodynamics. Diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the age of 21, he continued his scientific career for more than five decades. His bestselling book A Brief History of Time introduced millions of readers to modern cosmology, making him one of the world's most influential science communicators. Other notable works include The Universe in a Nutshell, The Grand Design, and Brief Answers to the Big Questions.
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