フローレンス・ナイチンゲール（1820–1910）は、近代看護の基礎を築いたイギリスの看護改革者、統計家。クリミア戦争中、スクタリの軍病院で負傷兵の看護体制を整え、帰国後は死亡記録などの統計を図表で示して、軍病院の衛生環境と医療行政の改革を政府に働きかけた。1860年にはロンドンの聖トーマス病院に看護師養成学校を設立し、経験や献身に頼りがちだった看護を、専門的な知識と訓練に基づく職業へと発展させた。代表作『看護覚え書――看護であること 看護でないこと』（原題 "Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not"）では、換気、採光、保温、清潔、静けさ、食事などの環境を整え、患者が本来備える回復力の消耗を抑えることが看護の役割であると明らかにした。
Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) was a British nursing reformer and statistician who helped establish the foundations of modern nursing. During the Crimean War, she organized the care of wounded soldiers at the military hospital in Scutari. After returning to Britain, she used statistical evidence and visual diagrams to press the government for reforms in military hospitals, sanitation, and medical administration. In 1860, she founded a training school for nurses at St Thomas’ Hospital in London, helping transform nursing from work based largely on experience and personal devotion into a profession grounded in systematic knowledge and training. In her representative work, "Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not," Nightingale explained that nursing should preserve a patient’s capacity to recover by properly managing ventilation, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and diet.
